See gaffer on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gaffer grip"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gaffer tape"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gaff",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "agent noun",
"t1": "hook"
},
"expansion": "gaff (“hook”) + -er",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cinema"
},
"expansion": "(cinema):",
"name": "sense"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "glass"
},
"expansion": "(glass):",
"name": "sense"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From gaff (“hook”) + -er.\n* (cinema): The natural lighting on early film sets was adjusted by opening and closing flaps in the tent cloths, called gaff cloths or gaff flaps.\n* (glass)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaffers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gaffer (plural gaffers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Film",
"orig": "en:Film",
"parents": [
"Entertainment",
"Mass media",
"Culture",
"Media",
"Society",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "73 3 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 1 4 2 1 1 17 28 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 0 4 1 1 0 18 28 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 2 13 15 13 2 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 5 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 1 16 19 20 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 1 9 7 10 1 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 5 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 2 12 11 13 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 2 12 11 3 2 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 2 15 12 16 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 5 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 5 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 5 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 2 11 6 3 2 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 2 12 11 13 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 2 10 5 3 2 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A chief lighting technician for a motion-picture or television production."
],
"id": "en-gaffer-en-noun-qxYJrem5",
"links": [
[
"film",
"film#Noun"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"lighting",
"lighting"
],
[
"technician",
"technician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(film) A chief lighting technician for a motion-picture or television production."
],
"topics": [
"broadcasting",
"film",
"media",
"television"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "osvetitel",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "осветител"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gaffer"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vrchní osvětlovač"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"word": "gaffer"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"word": "valaistusmestari"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "éclairagiste"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Oberbeleuchter"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ljósameistari"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "saoiste"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "responsabile luci"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "maestru de lumini"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glávnyj osvetítelʹ",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гла́вный освети́тель"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Jennifer Bosveld, Glass Works, page 18:",
"text": "The apprentice carries a gather of glass on the blowpipe to the gaffer's bench […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A glassblower."
],
"id": "en-gaffer-en-noun-K3jOznhH",
"links": [
[
"glassblower",
"glassblower"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 2 13 15 13 2 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 1 16 19 20 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 2 12 11 13 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 2 12 11 3 2 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 2 15 12 16 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 2 11 6 3 2 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 2 12 11 13 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 2 10 5 3 2 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone aboard a boat whose duty is to gaff a (large) fish once the angler has reeled it in."
],
"id": "en-gaffer-en-noun-8oyFvGfL",
"links": [
[
"gaff",
"gaff#Verb"
],
[
"angler",
"angler"
],
[
"reeled it in",
"reel in"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡæfɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡæfə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æfə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "gaffer"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "compère"
},
"expansion": "French compère",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Gevatter"
},
"expansion": "German Gevatter",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely a contraction of godfather, but with the vowels influenced by grandfather. Compare French compère, German Gevatter.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaffers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gaffer (plural gaffers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gammer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 2 13 15 13 2 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 1 16 19 20 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 2 12 11 13 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 2 12 11 3 2 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 2 15 12 16 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 2 12 11 13 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 0 15 36 26 0 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "en:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 1 12 31 19 1 23",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 19 44 26 0 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1845, Thomas Cooper, The Purgatory of Suicides, Book the Fourth, Stanza IX:",
"text": "If thou return not, Gammer o'er her pail\nWill sing in sorrow, 'neath the brinded cow,\nAnd Gaffer sigh over his nut-brown ale […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An old man."
],
"id": "en-gaffer-en-noun-lkKq4mat",
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) An old man."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "starče",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "старче"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "djadka",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дядка"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strejc"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "old man",
"word": "gammel mand"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "old man",
"word": "ukko"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "old man",
"word": "äijä"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "old man",
"word": "taata"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "moxuci",
"sense": "old man",
"word": "მოხუცი"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "beriḳaci",
"sense": "old man",
"word": "ბერიკაცი"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "beberi",
"sense": "old man",
"word": "ბებერი"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vecchio"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anziano"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moșneag"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moș"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bătrân"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "starík",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стари́к"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 2 13 15 13 2 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 1 16 19 20 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 2 12 11 13 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 2 15 12 16 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 2 12 11 13 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 117:",
"text": "And you're here to tell me what's what. Just like your bloody gaffer promised.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The leader of a group or team, such as a boss, foreman, coach, or publican."
],
"id": "en-gaffer-en-noun-7gOyNDjf",
"links": [
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"foreman",
"foreman"
],
[
"coach",
"coach"
],
[
"publican",
"publican"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, informal) The leader of a group or team, such as a boss, foreman, coach, or publican."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"informal"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "32 68 0 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "brigadir",
"sense": "foreman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бригадир"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 68 0 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "foreman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "předák"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 68 0 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "foreman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mistr"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 68 0 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "foreman",
"word": "formand"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 68 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "foreman",
"word": "pomo"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 68 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "foreman",
"word": "kymppi"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 68 0 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "foreman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "contre-maître"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 68 0 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "atistavi",
"sense": "foreman",
"word": "ათისთავი"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 68 0 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "foreman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caposquadra"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 68 0 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "foreman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "maistru"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 68 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "desjátnik",
"sense": "foreman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "деся́тник"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 68 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "brigadír",
"sense": "foreman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бригади́р"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A sailor."
],
"id": "en-gaffer-en-noun-Z5jKEcCS",
"links": [
[
"sailor",
"sailor"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sailor",
"word": "pikipöksy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mezɣvauri",
"sense": "sailor",
"word": "მეზღვაური"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canadian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 0 11 7 5 0 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 2 11 5 3 2 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 1 4 2 1 1 17 28 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 0 4 1 1 0 18 28 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 2 13 15 13 2 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 1 16 19 20 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 1 9 7 10 1 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 2 12 11 13 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 2 12 11 3 2 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 2 15 12 16 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 2 11 6 3 2 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 2 12 11 13 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 2 10 5 3 2 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The baby in the house."
],
"id": "en-gaffer-en-noun-FoXq2MPx",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canada) The baby in the house."
],
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
}
],
"word": "gaffer"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gaffe",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "gaffe + -er",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "gaffer tape"
},
"expansion": "English gaffer tape",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From gaffe + -er. Sense of gaffer-taping from English gaffer tape.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffant",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffé",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffe",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffes",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffe",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffons",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffez",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffent",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffais",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffais",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffait",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffions",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffiez",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffaient",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffai",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffas",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffa",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffâmes",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffâtes",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffèrent",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferai",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferas",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffera",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferons",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferez",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferont",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferais",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferais",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferait",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferions",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferiez",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferaient",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffe",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffes",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffe",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffions",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffiez",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffent",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffasse",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffasses",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffât",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffassions",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fa.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffassiez",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fa.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffassent",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffe",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffons",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffez",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gaffer",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 1 4 2 1 1 17 28 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 0 4 1 1 0 18 28 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 20 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 55 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make a gaffe; to mess up; botch up"
],
"id": "en-gaffer-fr-verb-DyWiU6Yr",
"links": [
[
"gaffe",
"gaffe"
],
[
"mess up",
"mess up"
],
[
"botch up",
"botch up"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 1 4 2 1 1 17 28 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 0 4 1 1 0 18 28 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 20 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to gaffer tape"
],
"id": "en-gaffer-fr-verb-kLuj50es",
"links": [
[
"gaffer tape",
"gaffer tape"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡa.fe/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-gaffer.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-gaffer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-gaffer.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-gaffer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-gaffer.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡa.fœʁ/"
}
],
"word": "gaffer"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gaffe",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "gaffe + -er",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "gaffer tape"
},
"expansion": "English gaffer tape",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From gaffe + -er. Sense of gaffer-taping from English gaffer tape.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaffers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "gaffer m (plural gaffers)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Tapes",
"orig": "fr:Tapes",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 1 4 2 1 1 17 28 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 0 4 1 1 0 18 28 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 20 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 22 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French terms suffixed with -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Alternative form: gaffeur"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gaffer tape"
],
"id": "en-gaffer-fr-noun-SVyJ5Kbp",
"links": [
[
"gaffer tape",
"gaffer tape"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡa.fe/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-gaffer.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-gaffer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-gaffer.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-gaffer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-gaffer.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡa.fœʁ/"
}
],
"word": "gaffer"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "gaffer",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gaffer",
"name": "nrf-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Jersey Norman",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to grasp"
],
"id": "en-gaffer-nrm-verb-qoAQzhDA",
"links": [
[
"grasp",
"grasp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey) to grasp"
],
"tags": [
"Jersey"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Jer-gaffer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Jer-gaffer.ogg/Jer-gaffer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Jer-gaffer.ogg"
}
],
"word": "gaffer"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caffer",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffer",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghaffer",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffer",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated verb"
},
"expansion": "gaffer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caffer"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "caffer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of caffer."
],
"id": "en-gaffer-cy-verb-2prGTO7z",
"links": [
[
"caffer",
"caffer#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡafɛr/"
}
],
"word": "gaffer"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Danish translations",
"Rhymes:English/æfə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/æfə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"en:Male people",
"en:Occupations",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gaffer grip"
},
{
"word": "gaffer tape"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gaff",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "agent noun",
"t1": "hook"
},
"expansion": "gaff (“hook”) + -er",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cinema"
},
"expansion": "(cinema):",
"name": "sense"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "glass"
},
"expansion": "(glass):",
"name": "sense"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From gaff (“hook”) + -er.\n* (cinema): The natural lighting on early film sets was adjusted by opening and closing flaps in the tent cloths, called gaff cloths or gaff flaps.\n* (glass)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaffers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gaffer (plural gaffers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Film"
],
"glosses": [
"A chief lighting technician for a motion-picture or television production."
],
"links": [
[
"film",
"film#Noun"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"lighting",
"lighting"
],
[
"technician",
"technician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(film) A chief lighting technician for a motion-picture or television production."
],
"topics": [
"broadcasting",
"film",
"media",
"television"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Jennifer Bosveld, Glass Works, page 18:",
"text": "The apprentice carries a gather of glass on the blowpipe to the gaffer's bench […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A glassblower."
],
"links": [
[
"glassblower",
"glassblower"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Someone aboard a boat whose duty is to gaff a (large) fish once the angler has reeled it in."
],
"links": [
[
"gaff",
"gaff#Verb"
],
[
"angler",
"angler"
],
[
"reeled it in",
"reel in"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡæfɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡæfə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æfə(ɹ)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "osvetitel",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "осветител"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gaffer"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vrchní osvětlovač"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"word": "gaffer"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"word": "valaistusmestari"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "éclairagiste"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Oberbeleuchter"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ljósameistari"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "saoiste"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "responsabile luci"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "maestru de lumini"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glávnyj osvetítelʹ",
"sense": "chief lighting technician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гла́вный освети́тель"
}
],
"word": "gaffer"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"en:Male people",
"en:Occupations",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "compère"
},
"expansion": "French compère",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Gevatter"
},
"expansion": "German Gevatter",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely a contraction of godfather, but with the vowels influenced by grandfather. Compare French compère, German Gevatter.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaffers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gaffer (plural gaffers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "gammer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1845, Thomas Cooper, The Purgatory of Suicides, Book the Fourth, Stanza IX:",
"text": "If thou return not, Gammer o'er her pail\nWill sing in sorrow, 'neath the brinded cow,\nAnd Gaffer sigh over his nut-brown ale […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An old man."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) An old man."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 117:",
"text": "And you're here to tell me what's what. Just like your bloody gaffer promised.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The leader of a group or team, such as a boss, foreman, coach, or publican."
],
"links": [
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"foreman",
"foreman"
],
[
"coach",
"coach"
],
[
"publican",
"publican"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, informal) The leader of a group or team, such as a boss, foreman, coach, or publican."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"informal"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A sailor."
],
"links": [
[
"sailor",
"sailor"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Canadian English"
],
"glosses": [
"The baby in the house."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canada) The baby in the house."
],
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "starče",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "старче"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "djadka",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дядка"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strejc"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "old man",
"word": "gammel mand"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "old man",
"word": "ukko"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "old man",
"word": "äijä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "old man",
"word": "taata"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "moxuci",
"sense": "old man",
"word": "მოხუცი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "beriḳaci",
"sense": "old man",
"word": "ბერიკაცი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "beberi",
"sense": "old man",
"word": "ბებერი"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vecchio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anziano"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moșneag"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moș"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bătrân"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "starík",
"sense": "old man",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стари́к"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "brigadir",
"sense": "foreman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бригадир"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "foreman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "předák"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "foreman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mistr"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "foreman",
"word": "formand"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "foreman",
"word": "pomo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "foreman",
"word": "kymppi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "foreman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "contre-maître"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "atistavi",
"sense": "foreman",
"word": "ათისთავი"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "foreman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caposquadra"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "foreman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "maistru"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "desjátnik",
"sense": "foreman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "деся́тник"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "brigadír",
"sense": "foreman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бригади́р"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sailor",
"word": "pikipöksy"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mezɣvauri",
"sense": "sailor",
"word": "მეზღვაური"
}
],
"word": "gaffer"
}
{
"categories": [
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French first group verbs",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from English",
"French terms derived from English",
"French terms suffixed with -er",
"French verbs",
"French verbs with conjugation -er",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gaffe",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "gaffe + -er",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "gaffer tape"
},
"expansion": "English gaffer tape",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From gaffe + -er. Sense of gaffer-taping from English gaffer tape.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffant",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffé",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffe",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffes",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffe",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffons",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffez",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffent",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffais",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffais",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffait",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffions",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffiez",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffaient",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffai",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffas",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffa",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffâmes",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffâtes",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffèrent",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferai",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferas",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffera",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferons",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferez",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferont",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferais",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferais",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferait",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferions",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferiez",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gafferaient",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffe",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffes",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffe",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffions",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffiez",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffent",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffasse",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffasses",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffât",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffassions",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fa.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffassiez",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fa.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffassent",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffe",
"ipa": "/ɡaf/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffons",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffez",
"ipa": "/ɡa.fe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gaffer",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to make a gaffe; to mess up; botch up"
],
"links": [
[
"gaffe",
"gaffe"
],
[
"mess up",
"mess up"
],
[
"botch up",
"botch up"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to gaffer tape"
],
"links": [
[
"gaffer tape",
"gaffer tape"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡa.fe/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-gaffer.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-gaffer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-gaffer.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-gaffer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-gaffer.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡa.fœʁ/"
}
],
"word": "gaffer"
}
{
"categories": [
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French first group verbs",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from English",
"French terms derived from English",
"French terms suffixed with -er",
"French verbs",
"French verbs with conjugation -er",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gaffe",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "gaffe + -er",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "gaffer tape"
},
"expansion": "English gaffer tape",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From gaffe + -er. Sense of gaffer-taping from English gaffer tape.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaffers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "gaffer m (plural gaffers)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"fr:Tapes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Alternative form: gaffeur"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gaffer tape"
],
"links": [
[
"gaffer tape",
"gaffer tape"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡa.fe/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-gaffer.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-gaffer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-gaffer.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-gaffer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-gaffer.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡa.fœʁ/"
}
],
"word": "gaffer"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "gaffer",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gaffer",
"name": "nrf-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Jersey Norman",
"Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"Norman lemmas",
"Norman verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to grasp"
],
"links": [
[
"grasp",
"grasp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey) to grasp"
],
"tags": [
"Jersey"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Jer-gaffer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Jer-gaffer.ogg/Jer-gaffer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Jer-gaffer.ogg"
}
],
"word": "gaffer"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caffer",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "gaffer",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghaffer",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffer",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated verb"
},
"expansion": "gaffer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caffer"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh mutated verbs",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh soft-mutation forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "caffer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of caffer."
],
"links": [
[
"caffer",
"caffer#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡafɛr/"
}
],
"word": "gaffer"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gaffer meaning in All languages combined (22.7kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: caffer, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"gaffer"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "gaffer",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: nghaffer, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"gaffer"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "gaffer",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: chaffer, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"gaffer"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "gaffer",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "gaffer/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Danish translations\", \"Rhymes:English/æfə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/æfə(ɹ)/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"en:Male people\", \"en:Occupations\", \"en:People\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"gaffer grip\"}, {\"word\": \"gaffer tape\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gaff\", \"3\": \"-er\", \"id2\": \"agent noun\", \"t1\": \"hook\"}, \"expansion\": \"gaff (“hook”) + -er\", \"name\": \"af\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"cinema\"}, \"expansion\": \"(cinema):\", \"name\": \"sense\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"glass\"}, \"expansion\": \"(glass):\", \"name\": \"sense\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From gaff (“hook”) + -er.\\n* (cinema): The natural lighting on early film sets was adjusted by opening and closing flaps in the tent cloths, called gaff cloths or gaff flaps.\\n* (glass)\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"gaffers\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"gaffer (plural gaffers)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"en:Film\"], \"glosses\": [\"A chief lighting technician for a motion-picture or television production.\"], \"links\": [[\"film\", \"film#Noun\"], [\"chief\", \"chief\"], [\"lighting\", \"lighting\"], [\"technician\", \"technician\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(film) A chief lighting technician for a motion-picture or television production.\"], \"topics\": [\"broadcasting\", \"film\", \"media\", \"television\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2003, Jennifer Bosveld, Glass Works, page 18:\", \"text\": \"The apprentice carries a gather of glass on the blowpipe to the gaffer's bench […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A glassblower.\"], \"links\": [[\"glassblower\", \"glassblower\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"Someone aboard a boat whose duty is to gaff a (large) fish once the angler has reeled it in.\"], \"links\": [[\"gaff\", \"gaff#Verb\"], [\"angler\", \"angler\"], [\"reeled it in\", \"reel in\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ɡæfɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ɡæfə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-æfə(ɹ)\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"osvetitel\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"осветител\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"gaffer\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"vrchní osvětlovač\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"word\": \"gaffer\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"word\": \"valaistusmestari\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"éclairagiste\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Oberbeleuchter\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ljósameistari\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"saoiste\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"responsabile luci\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"maestru de lumini\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"glávnyj osvetítelʹ\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"гла́вный освети́тель\"}], \"word\": \"gaffer\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gaffer",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "gaffer/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Danish translations\", \"Rhymes:English/æfə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/æfə(ɹ)/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"en:Male people\", \"en:Occupations\", \"en:People\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"gaffer grip\"}, {\"word\": \"gaffer tape\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gaff\", \"3\": \"-er\", \"id2\": \"agent noun\", \"t1\": \"hook\"}, \"expansion\": \"gaff (“hook”) + -er\", \"name\": \"af\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"cinema\"}, \"expansion\": \"(cinema):\", \"name\": \"sense\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"glass\"}, \"expansion\": \"(glass):\", \"name\": \"sense\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From gaff (“hook”) + -er.\\n* (cinema): The natural lighting on early film sets was adjusted by opening and closing flaps in the tent cloths, called gaff cloths or gaff flaps.\\n* (glass)\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"gaffers\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"gaffer (plural gaffers)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"en:Film\"], \"glosses\": [\"A chief lighting technician for a motion-picture or television production.\"], \"links\": [[\"film\", \"film#Noun\"], [\"chief\", \"chief\"], [\"lighting\", \"lighting\"], [\"technician\", \"technician\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(film) A chief lighting technician for a motion-picture or television production.\"], \"topics\": [\"broadcasting\", \"film\", \"media\", \"television\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2003, Jennifer Bosveld, Glass Works, page 18:\", \"text\": \"The apprentice carries a gather of glass on the blowpipe to the gaffer's bench […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A glassblower.\"], \"links\": [[\"glassblower\", \"glassblower\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"Someone aboard a boat whose duty is to gaff a (large) fish once the angler has reeled it in.\"], \"links\": [[\"gaff\", \"gaff#Verb\"], [\"angler\", \"angler\"], [\"reeled it in\", \"reel in\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ɡæfɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ɡæfə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gaffer.wav.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-æfə(ɹ)\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"osvetitel\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"осветител\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"gaffer\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"vrchní osvětlovač\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"word\": \"gaffer\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"word\": \"valaistusmestari\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"éclairagiste\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Oberbeleuchter\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ljósameistari\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"saoiste\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"responsabile luci\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"maestru de lumini\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"glávnyj osvetítelʹ\", \"sense\": \"chief lighting technician\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"гла́вный освети́тель\"}], \"word\": \"gaffer\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gaffer",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.